My Place Of Birth ...... IASI....ياش
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My Place Of Birth ...... IASI....ياش
من طرف night.fall الأحد 22 يونيو 2008, 5:17 pm
Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/), אש in Hebrew or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. The city was the capital of Moldavia from the 16th century until 1861 and of Romania (Romanian Kingdom) between 1916-1918 during World War I.
The second largest Romanian city, Iaşi is the economic, cultural and academic centre of the Romanian region of Moldavia. The city has the oldest Romanian university and accommodates an annual count of over 60,000 students in 5 public and 3 private universities. It is home to more than 50 churches and hosts 5 cultural centres: British, French, German, Latin American & Caribbean and Hellenic. Cultural life gravitates around the National Theater (the oldest in Romania), the Opera House, the Iaşi State Philarmonic, the Tătăraşi Atheneum, a famous Botanical Garden (the oldest and largest in Romania), the Central University Library (the oldest in Romania), an array of museums and memorial houses, an independent theater and several student organizations.
The second largest Romanian city, Iaşi is the economic, cultural and academic centre of the Romanian region of Moldavia. The city has the oldest Romanian university and accommodates an annual count of over 60,000 students in 5 public and 3 private universities. It is home to more than 50 churches and hosts 5 cultural centres: British, French, German, Latin American & Caribbean and Hellenic. Cultural life gravitates around the National Theater (the oldest in Romania), the Opera House, the Iaşi State Philarmonic, the Tătăraşi Atheneum, a famous Botanical Garden (the oldest and largest in Romania), the Central University Library (the oldest in Romania), an array of museums and memorial houses, an independent theater and several student organizations.
History
Golia Monastery
The Metropolitan Seat of Moldavia and Bukovina
Around 1564, Prince Alexandru Lăpuşneanu moved the Moldavian capital from Suceava to Iaşi. Between 1561 and 1563, a school and a Lutheran church were founded by the Greek adventurer Prince, Ioan Iacob Heraclid. In 1640, Vasile Lupu established the first school in which the mother-tongue replaced Greek, and set up a printing press in the Byzantine Trei Ierarhi Church (Church of the Three Hierarchs; built 1635–39). In 1643, the first volume ever printed in Moldavia was issued in Iaşi.
Dosoftei House and the "Domnească" church in the Civic Centre
The city was burned down by the Tatars in 1513, by the Ottomans in 1538, by the Imperial Russian troops in 1686. In 1734, it was hit by the plague.
Through the Peace of Iaşi, the sixth Russo-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. A Greek revolutionary maneuver and occupation under Alexander Ypsilanti and the Filiki Eteria (1821, at the beginning of the Greek War of Independence) led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822. In 1844 there was a severe conflagration.
Between 1565 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iaşi and Bucharest were de-facto capitals of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (the Danubian Principalities). In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognized under the name of Romania, the national capital was established in Bucharest. For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150 lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made.
Iaşi's primitive houses of timber and plaster were mostly swept away after 1860, when brick or stone came into general use, and better streets were cut through the network of narrow, unsanitary lanes.
During World War I, Iaşi was the capital of a severely reduced Romania for two years, following the Central Powers' occupation of Bucharest on December 6, 1916. The capital was returned to Bucharest after the defeat of Imperial Germany and its allies in November 1918.
In May 1944, Iaşi became the scene of ferocious fighting between Romanian-German forces and the advancing Soviet Red Army and the city was partially destroyed. The elite German Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland won an impressive defensive victory at the Battle of Târgul Frumos, a location near Iaşi. The battle was the object of several NATO studies during the Cold War. By July, Iaşi had been taken by Soviet forces
.Golia Monastery
The Metropolitan Seat of Moldavia and Bukovina
Around 1564, Prince Alexandru Lăpuşneanu moved the Moldavian capital from Suceava to Iaşi. Between 1561 and 1563, a school and a Lutheran church were founded by the Greek adventurer Prince, Ioan Iacob Heraclid. In 1640, Vasile Lupu established the first school in which the mother-tongue replaced Greek, and set up a printing press in the Byzantine Trei Ierarhi Church (Church of the Three Hierarchs; built 1635–39). In 1643, the first volume ever printed in Moldavia was issued in Iaşi.
Dosoftei House and the "Domnească" church in the Civic Centre
The city was burned down by the Tatars in 1513, by the Ottomans in 1538, by the Imperial Russian troops in 1686. In 1734, it was hit by the plague.
Through the Peace of Iaşi, the sixth Russo-Turkish War was brought to a close in 1792. A Greek revolutionary maneuver and occupation under Alexander Ypsilanti and the Filiki Eteria (1821, at the beginning of the Greek War of Independence) led to the storming of the city by the Turks in 1822. In 1844 there was a severe conflagration.
Between 1565 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iaşi and Bucharest were de-facto capitals of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (the Danubian Principalities). In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognized under the name of Romania, the national capital was established in Bucharest. For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150 lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made.
Iaşi's primitive houses of timber and plaster were mostly swept away after 1860, when brick or stone came into general use, and better streets were cut through the network of narrow, unsanitary lanes.
During World War I, Iaşi was the capital of a severely reduced Romania for two years, following the Central Powers' occupation of Bucharest on December 6, 1916. The capital was returned to Bucharest after the defeat of Imperial Germany and its allies in November 1918.
In May 1944, Iaşi became the scene of ferocious fighting between Romanian-German forces and the advancing Soviet Red Army and the city was partially destroyed. The elite German Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland won an impressive defensive victory at the Battle of Târgul Frumos, a location near Iaşi. The battle was the object of several NATO studies during the Cold War. By July, Iaşi had been taken by Soviet forces
Golia Monastery
Dosoftei House and the "Domnească" church in the Civic Centre
The Metropolitan Seat of Moldavia and Bukovina
Geography
The city of Iaşi lies on the Bahlui River, a tributary of the Jijia (tributary of the Prut). The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, featuring the monasteries of Cetăţuia, Frumoasa, Galata (with nearby mineral springs), and the dendrologic park of Repedea. Iaşi itself stands amid vineyards and gardens, partly on two hills, partly in the in-between valley. It is a common belief that Iaşi is built on seven hills (coline in Romanian): Cetăţuia, Galata, Copou-Aurora, Bucium-Păun, Şorogari, Repedea and Breazu, thus triggering comparisons with Rome, la città dei sette colli (The city of the seven hills). The city is about to become a metropolitan area, expanding its teritorry with 10 other comunities surrounding the city.
Population
1859: 50,000
1900: 78,000 (the second-largest city in Romania)
1930: 102,872
1948: 96,075
1966: 161,023
1977: 265,002
1992: 344,425 (the third-largest city)
2002: 320,888 (the second-largest city)
2004: 317,812 (as of July 1st, 2004, the second-largest city)[6]
2006: 306,000 (the third-largest city)[7]
2007 (July 1st): 315,214 (second largest city)
Main sights
Iaşi is an outstanding educational center, and preserves some beautiful pieces of architecture, such as the Trei Ierarhi Church and the neo-Gothic Palace of Culture (the site of four museums - of History, of Technology, of Ethnography, and of Art). Many buildings in the old city center were demolished during the Communist regime, with a few Soviet-style blocks of flats built instead.
Churches
Bărboi Church, View from Golia Tower
Iaşi is the seat of the Romanian Orthodox Church Metropolitan bishopric of Moldavia, and of a Roman Catholic bishopric. There are currently 286,000 Roman Catholics living in Iasi.[9] There is a debate between historians as to whether or not the Catholics are originally of Romanian or Hungarian descent.[10] The city houses more than 40 churches. The oldest one is Saint Nicholas, dating from the reign of Stephen the Great (1457-1504); perhaps the finest, however, are the 17th century older metropolitan church, Saint Spiridion and Trei Ierarhi, the last a curious example of Byzantine art, erected in 1635-1639 by Vasile Lupu, and adorned with countless gilded carvings on its outer walls and twin towers. Other beautiful churches, some surrounded by big walls, are: Galata (1581), Golia, St. Sava, Barnovschi, Bărboi (17th century), Cetăţuia (the end of the 17th century) and Frumoasa (18th century
).The city of Iaşi lies on the Bahlui River, a tributary of the Jijia (tributary of the Prut). The surrounding country is one of uplands and woods, featuring the monasteries of Cetăţuia, Frumoasa, Galata (with nearby mineral springs), and the dendrologic park of Repedea. Iaşi itself stands amid vineyards and gardens, partly on two hills, partly in the in-between valley. It is a common belief that Iaşi is built on seven hills (coline in Romanian): Cetăţuia, Galata, Copou-Aurora, Bucium-Păun, Şorogari, Repedea and Breazu, thus triggering comparisons with Rome, la città dei sette colli (The city of the seven hills). The city is about to become a metropolitan area, expanding its teritorry with 10 other comunities surrounding the city.
Population
1859: 50,000
1900: 78,000 (the second-largest city in Romania)
1930: 102,872
1948: 96,075
1966: 161,023
1977: 265,002
1992: 344,425 (the third-largest city)
2002: 320,888 (the second-largest city)
2004: 317,812 (as of July 1st, 2004, the second-largest city)[6]
2006: 306,000 (the third-largest city)[7]
2007 (July 1st): 315,214 (second largest city)
Main sights
Iaşi is an outstanding educational center, and preserves some beautiful pieces of architecture, such as the Trei Ierarhi Church and the neo-Gothic Palace of Culture (the site of four museums - of History, of Technology, of Ethnography, and of Art). Many buildings in the old city center were demolished during the Communist regime, with a few Soviet-style blocks of flats built instead.
Churches
Bărboi Church, View from Golia Tower
Iaşi is the seat of the Romanian Orthodox Church Metropolitan bishopric of Moldavia, and of a Roman Catholic bishopric. There are currently 286,000 Roman Catholics living in Iasi.[9] There is a debate between historians as to whether or not the Catholics are originally of Romanian or Hungarian descent.[10] The city houses more than 40 churches. The oldest one is Saint Nicholas, dating from the reign of Stephen the Great (1457-1504); perhaps the finest, however, are the 17th century older metropolitan church, Saint Spiridion and Trei Ierarhi, the last a curious example of Byzantine art, erected in 1635-1639 by Vasile Lupu, and adorned with countless gilded carvings on its outer walls and twin towers. Other beautiful churches, some surrounded by big walls, are: Galata (1581), Golia, St. Sava, Barnovschi, Bărboi (17th century), Cetăţuia (the end of the 17th century) and Frumoasa (18th century
The Palace of Culture
Eminescu's linden tree in Copou Park
National Theatre Vasile Alecsandri
Education and science
A society of physicians and natural historians has existed in Iaşi since the early part of the 19th century, and a number of periodicals are published. One of the oldest medical universities in Romania, founded in 1879, is in Iaşi. It is now known as the "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
The first Technical High Education structure in Romanian language was established in the autumn of 1813, when engineer Gheorghe Asachi laid the foundations of a class of engineers, its activities taking place within the Greek Academy of Iaşi.
After 1813, other moments marked the development of higher education in Romanian, regarding both humanities and the technical science. In 1835, Academia Mihăileană was founded in Iaşi by Prince Mihail Sturdza.
Iaşi is home to the oldest Romanian university (University of Iaşi), opened by (and nowadays named after) Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza in 1860. The city is host to five universities, and is widely regarded as the cultural "heart" of the Old Kingdom (that is Moldavia, Wallachia, and Dobruja - the three regions comprising Romania until 1918).
In 1937, the two applied science sections of the university of Iaşi became departments of the newly created Gheorghe Asachi Polytechnic School; In the period before and after World War II, the later (renamed Polytechnic Institute in 1948) extended its domain of activity, especially in the field of engineering, and became adopted a Technical University in 1993.
Public Universities:
"Al. I. Cuza" University
"Gh. Asachi" Technical University
"Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
"G. Enescu" University of Arts
"I. Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Besides the universities, there are schools of art and music. The University's Central Library, where the chief records of Romanian history are preserved, is the oldest and the second largest in Romania.
Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, sector A
.A society of physicians and natural historians has existed in Iaşi since the early part of the 19th century, and a number of periodicals are published. One of the oldest medical universities in Romania, founded in 1879, is in Iaşi. It is now known as the "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
The first Technical High Education structure in Romanian language was established in the autumn of 1813, when engineer Gheorghe Asachi laid the foundations of a class of engineers, its activities taking place within the Greek Academy of Iaşi.
After 1813, other moments marked the development of higher education in Romanian, regarding both humanities and the technical science. In 1835, Academia Mihăileană was founded in Iaşi by Prince Mihail Sturdza.
Iaşi is home to the oldest Romanian university (University of Iaşi), opened by (and nowadays named after) Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza in 1860. The city is host to five universities, and is widely regarded as the cultural "heart" of the Old Kingdom (that is Moldavia, Wallachia, and Dobruja - the three regions comprising Romania until 1918).
In 1937, the two applied science sections of the university of Iaşi became departments of the newly created Gheorghe Asachi Polytechnic School; In the period before and after World War II, the later (renamed Polytechnic Institute in 1948) extended its domain of activity, especially in the field of engineering, and became adopted a Technical University in 1993.
Public Universities:
"Al. I. Cuza" University
"Gh. Asachi" Technical University
"Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
"G. Enescu" University of Arts
"I. Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
Besides the universities, there are schools of art and music. The University's Central Library, where the chief records of Romanian history are preserved, is the oldest and the second largest in Romania.
Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, sector A
Transport
Air
The Iaşi International Airport (IAS), located 8 km to the east of the city centre, is the busiest airport in Romanian region of Moldavia
.Air
The Iaşi International Airport (IAS), located 8 km to the east of the city centre, is the busiest airport in Romanian region of Moldavia
Rail
The Iaşi Central Rail Station, located about 1.5 km to the city centre, is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 600 (Bucharest - Romanian Eastern Border) and on the Line 606 (Iaşi - Paşcani). CFR provides direct rail connections to all the major Romanian cities and to Chişinău. The rail station is very well connected to all the parts of the city by the trams, and buses of the local public transport company, RATC. The city is also served by Nicolina International Rail Station
.The Iaşi Central Rail Station, located about 1.5 km to the city centre, is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 600 (Bucharest - Romanian Eastern Border) and on the Line 606 (Iaşi - Paşcani). CFR provides direct rail connections to all the major Romanian cities and to Chişinău. The rail station is very well connected to all the parts of the city by the trams, and buses of the local public transport company, RATC. The city is also served by Nicolina International Rail Station
Road
Iaşi is connected to European route E85/E583 with Bucharest through a partially four lane express road. It is also planned a East-West freeway connection Romanian Motorway A4 to Romanian Motorway A3 (also known as "Transylvania Motorway"). The Iaşi Coach Station is used by several private transport companies to provide coach connections from Iaşi to a large number of locations from all over the country.
Public transport
RATP, the local public transport company, runs an extensive public transport network within the city using trams and buses.
Gallery
Iaşi is connected to European route E85/E583 with Bucharest through a partially four lane express road. It is also planned a East-West freeway connection Romanian Motorway A4 to Romanian Motorway A3 (also known as "Transylvania Motorway"). The Iaşi Coach Station is used by several private transport companies to provide coach connections from Iaşi to a large number of locations from all over the country.
Public transport
RATP, the local public transport company, runs an extensive public transport network within the city using trams and buses.
Gallery
The University's Central Library "Mihai Eminescu"
Luceafărul theatre
The tower of Golia monastery
Hotel Europa
Iulius Mall
Moldova Mall
The Central Market ("Hala Centrală")
Lăpuşneanu Street
night.fall- نائب المدير ويده اليمنى
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تاريخ التسجيل : 12/05/2008
رد: My Place Of Birth ...... IASI....ياش
من طرف ملاك الرومانسيه الأربعاء 09 يوليو 2008, 10:20 pm
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- عدد الرسائل : 1215
العمر : 34
تاريخ التسجيل : 11/05/2008
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